Category: Microsoft

I’ve been doing some EUC projects lately and had a requirement to do a Mandatory profile. As there were a number of little bugs in the version I was capturing (Windows 10 64 bit 1803) I’m putting some of the answers here to keep them together for future use. These have been compiled from various sources including the fantastic James Rankin to whom I owe many thanks for discovering and sharing the most complex steps in this process.

I’ll start off with the workarounds and prerequisites, as there are a number of them, including the requirement to create an unattend.xml file for sysprep to copy over default profile which can then be exported to a mandatory profile.

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Installing Windows ADK Setup fails

First off, the very annoying bug which causes the install of the Windows 10 Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK), which we will use later for creating the unattend.xml answer file, to fail and roll back with little information. This is overcome by running it with PSExec from SysInternals (HERE).

The Windows ADK can be downloaded HERE and installed on a machine where you will have access to the Windows 10 install.wim, this can either be on the Windows 10 profile capture VM, or just your normal machine.

First step, download PSExec, from the above, and extract it somewhere convenient (I used c:\psexec\). Then we need to copy the downloaded ADK into this folder.

Open a powershell window and change into your psexec folder and run the following command

.\PsExec.exe /sid powershell.exe

In the new powershell 1.0 window that opens, change into your psexec directory again and run the ADK installer

.\adksetup.exe

Now complete the installer as normal, but be amazed that it now doesn’t rollback and actually installed. Hurrar.

We only need to install the “Deployment Tools” option, so unselect everything else and install.

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Convert Install.ESD to Install.WIM

If you’re not using Windows Enterprise, chances are the install.wim file isn’t in the DVD sources directory, but there is an install.esd. So how do you get the wim file needed for creating the unattend.xml answer file?

First things first, we need to copy the install.esd from <DVD>:\sources\install.esd to a read/write folder, the easiest is the root of c:\

Once we’ve got the esd file we need to run a dism command to find the correct image for our install and then extract that image from the esd into a wim

dism /Get-WimInfo /WimFile:install.esd

Take a note of the number which corresponds to your version, for example on my DVD Windows 10 Pro is Index “6”. Now we know which image, lets extract our wim

dism /export-image /SourceImageFile:install.esd /SourceIndex:6 /DestinationImageFile:install.wim /Compress:max /CheckIntegrity

If you receive an error, then change the /Compress variable from “max” to “fast”, “none” or “recovery”.

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Creating the unattend.xml answer file

Now we can create the unattend.xml answer file I alluded to earlier, in order to tell sysprep what to do. 

Firstly run “Windows System Image Manager” which we installed as part of the ADK earlier. From the File menu, choose “New Answer File”. On the pop up messagebox click [Yes] and then point to the install.wim file we copied to our c:\ drive earlier. Click [Yes] to create a catalogue file.

In the bottom left “Components” section, right click on the item starting with “amd64_Microsoft-Windows_Shell-Setup” and select “Add Setting to Pass 4 specialize” which will add it to the “Answer File” section

Click on this heading under “Specialize” and set the CopyProfile property on the right-hand pane to “true”. Set any other options within the answer file you wish, however we only need this one.

Validate the answer file by selecting Tools –> Validate answer file, and then save it to the root of c:\ drive as “unattend.xml”

If you built this on another machine, now copy the file to the root of your capture VM.

If you have no network access, there is always the PowerCLI applet Copy-VMGuestFile. However this will require a local user account and VMTools installed so will not work in Audit Mode.

Now we’ve finished discussing prerequisites, lets go look at creating our new profile.

In case you have problems creating the unattend.xml this is a precanned one for Windows 10 1803 Enterprise. It may well work on other versions as well.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend">
    <settings pass="specialize">
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <CopyProfile>true</CopyProfile>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <cpi:offlineImage cpi:source="wim:c:/install.wim#Windows 10 Enterprise" xmlns:cpi="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:cpi" />
</unattend>

And this is one for Windows 10 1803 Pro

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend">
    <settings pass="specialize">
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <CopyProfile>true</CopyProfile>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <cpi:offlineImage cpi:source="wim:c:/install.wim#Windows 10 Pro" xmlns:cpi="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:cpi" />
</unattend>

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Creating a custom default profile 

Due to the changed way of capturing a mandatory profile in Windows 10, we are now required to create a custom default profile with which to generate our mandatory profile.

The first step is to deploy a new VM, install Windows 10 to the configuration point, and enter Audit Mode.

So when you get to the above screen after installing Windows 10 you need to hammer Ctrl + Shift + F3 which will log you in as Administrator in Audit Mode.

Cancel the sysprep dialog box and make any changes you want on a device or user level. You can remove the Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps here as well, I created an article on this HERE. Typical user level changes are:

• Setting the background image and branding
• Changing Explorer to open “my PC” instead of “Quick Access”
• Show file extensions
• Create any desktop icons as required
• Pin Taskbar items
• Arrange and remove the Start tiles
• Configure IE/Edge homepage

Once all this is done we need to export the Start tile layout

Export-StartLayout -Path $ENV:LOCALAPPDATA\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\LayoutModification.xml

If you haven’t already created the unattend.xml answer file, install the Windows ADK and create it now as above. If you’ve created it on another machine, copy it to the root of the c:\ drive

Once we’ve created the answer file and put it on the root of the capture VM, we need to run sysprep.

c:\windows\system32\sysprep\sysprep.exe /oobe /generalize /shutdown /unattend:c:\unattend.xml

If sysprep fails to run for any reason, check the log file, but the most likely culprit will be a UWP which was removed from one place but not the other. The log file will detail which one is causing the conflict.

Once complete the VM will shutdown with the new default profile.

Additionally we can shrink down this default profile using the following commands from a powershell or cmd window by restarting the VM, and either entering audit mode again or completing sysprep.

takeown /f c:\users\default\appdata\local\Microsoft\WindowsApps /r /a /d Y
icacls c:\users\default\appdata\local\Microsoft\WindowsApps /grant Administrators:F /T /C /L
get-childitem C:\Users\Default\AppData\LocalLow -force | foreach ($_) {remove-item $_.fullname -force -recurse -confirm:$false}
get-childitem C:\Users\Default\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows -exclude “Shell”,”WinX” -Force | foreach ($_) {remove-item $_.fullname -force -recurse -confirm:$false}
get-childitem C:\Users\Default\AppData\Local\Microsoft -exclude “Windows” -Force | foreach ($_) {remove-item $_.fullname -force -recurse -confirm:$false}
get-childitem C:\Users\Default\AppData\Local -exclude “Microsoft” -Force | foreach ($_) {remove-item $_.fullname -force -recurse -confirm:$false}
get-childitem C:\Users\Default\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows -exclude “Start Menu”,”SendTo” -Force | foreach ($_) {remove-item $_.fullname -force -recurse -confirm:$false}
get-childitem C:\Users\Default\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft -exclude “Windows” -Force | foreach ($_) {remove-item $_.fullname -force -recurse -confirm:$false}
get-childitem C:\Users\Default\AppData\Roaming -exclude “Microsoft” -Force | foreach ($_) {remove-item $_.fullname -force -recurse -confirm:$false}
Get-ChildItem c:\users\default -Filter “*.log*” -Force | Remove-Item -Force
Get-ChildItem c:\users\default -Filter “*.blf*” -Force | Remove-Item -Force
Get-ChildItem c:\users\default -Filter “*.REGTRANS-MS” -Force | Remove-Item -Force

We could leave this here which would be suitable for many VDI installs, however I will go on with the creation of the mandatory profile.

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Creating a mandatory profile

Having completed all of the steps from above, log on to the VM as an administrative user.

Open the Advanced section of System settings (either from Control Panel, Win + Break or Right click on My PC and click Properties). Click on the Advanced tab, and click on Settings to get to the User Profiles dialogue.

• Click on the Default Profile and click [Copy To].
• Fill in the “Copy profile to” location with the folder where you would like to store the mandatory profile.
  • I store it on the root of the c:\ drive and call the folder “mandatory.v6” as 1803 has profile version 6
• Check the “Mandatory profile” checkbox.
• Click [Change] and add “Authenticated Users” into the Object field.
• Click [OK] and the folder you have specified as a destination will be created.

Weirdly there is no success message and the window remains open after clicking [OK], so hit [Cancel] to exit the dialog box.

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Bug Time!

So there’s a weird bug in at least this version I’m using (1803) where it doesn’t copy the ntuser.dat and .ini files into the new folder. Helpful. If this happens to you, just go ahead and copy these two files from c:\users\default into your new folder.

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Set permissions on filesystem

Now we’ve got our mandatory profile, we need to check that the filesystem permissions are correct. The copy will have added “Authenticated Users” with Read and Execute permissions, but we also need to add the “All Application Packages” user with “Full Control” and ensure that the Administrators group owns the folder, along with all subfolders.

So add these permissions and set them to replace all child objects and press [OK]

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Set permissions on Registry

We also need to set the same permissions for the Registry. So lets fire up regedit, click on the HKEY_USERS hive, go to File –> Load Hive and select the ntuser.dat file from our mandatory profile folder.

Give the hive a temporary name (this doesn’t affect anything) and the hive name will now show under HKEY_USERS.

• Right-click on the root of the hive and select Permissions.
• Modify the permissions to allow both “Authenticated Users” and “All Application Packages” to have “Full Control”
• Click [OK] and [OK] again on the error that pops up.

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Clean up the Registry

Now we can clean up the Registry to trim it down a bit.

• Remove all references to the Administrator username from the Registry hive using Edit –>Find
• Delete any Registry keys or values that you deem unnecessary. For example:
  • any Policies keys under HKCU\Software
  • HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion.
  • HKCU\Software\AppDataLow
  • Other people have managed to massively reduce the ntuser.dat by being ruthless. I will have to test how far we can go but feel free to follow their suggestions.

Once complete you must remember to unload the hive by selecting the hive name you chose and going to File –> Unload Hive

If you don’t do this, you will lock the profile meaning no one will be able to access it.

After unloading the hive there will be a number of new *.log* and *.blf files in the folder, these can be deleted.

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Making it Mandatory

To make this profile “mandatory” we need to rename the ntuser.dat file to ntuser.man. Additionally you can rename the folder to mandatory.man.v6 to make it super-mandatory! This just means that a temporary profile will never be used.

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Finally some Group Policy

Setting the mandatory profile in group policy requires us to set the following:

Computer Configuration –> Policies –> Administrative Templates –> System –> User Profiles

Set “Set roaming profile path for all users logging onto this computer” to the profile location but omit the .V6 extension.

In addition to applying the mandatory profile, we need to set one additional option, else you will suffer from a broken Start Menu.

Computer Configuration –> Administrative Templates –> Windows Components –> App Package Deployment

Set “Allow deployment operations in special profiles” to Enabled.

Don’t forget to enable loop back as well!

Computer Configuration –> Policies –> Administrative Templates –> System –> Group Policy –> Configure user Group Policy loopback processing mode.

And we’re done!